Validación española de la “Escala de comparación de la apariencia física” (PACS-R): propiedades psicométricas en una muestra comunitaria de hombres y mujeres / [Spanish validation of the “Physical Appearance Comparison Scale” (PACS-R): psychometric properties in a community sample of men and women]

Los objetivos de este estudio fueron examinar la validez y la fiabilidad de la versión española de la “Escala de comparación de la apariencia física-revisada” (Physical Appearance Comparison Scale-Revised; PACS-R) y evaluar su capacidad predictiva de la insatisfacción corporal y las alteraciones alimentarias en una muestra comunitaria española. 1405 participantes (83,6% mujeres; de entre 14 y 64 años) completaron la PACS-R y también medidas de imagen corporal, alteraciones alimentarias, influencias socioculturales relacionadas con la apariencia física, autoestima y comparación social. Los análisis factoriales exploratorio y confirmatorio apoyaron la estructura unidimensional original para la versión española de 11 ítems de la PACS-R. Las mujeres mostraron puntuaciones significativamente más elevadas que los hombres. Se halló una consistencia interna excelente, buena fiabilidad test-retest y buena validez convergente. Los análisis de regresión demostraron la utilidad de la escala para predecir la insatisfacción corporal y las alteraciones alimentarias tanto en hombres como en mujeres. Las excelentes propiedades psicométricas de la PACS-R la convierten en una herramienta útil para medir las comparaciones de la apariencia física en personas de habla española.

The objectives of this study were to examine the validity and reliability of the Spanish version of the Physical Appearance Comparison Scale-Revised (PACS-R) and to assess its ability to predict body dissatisfaction and disordered eating in a community sample in Spain. A total of 1405 participants (83.6% women; aged 14-64) completed the Spanish PACS-R along with measures of body image, eating disturbances, appearance-related sociocultural influences, self-esteem and social comparison. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses supported the original one-dimensional factor structure for the 11-item Spanish version of the PACS-R. Women had significantly higher PACS-R scores than men. Internal consistency of the measure was excellent, and results showed good test-retest reliability and convergent validity in men and women. Regression analyses demonstrated the utility of the scale in predicting body dissatisfaction and disordered eating in both genders. Results suggest that the Spanish PACS-R has excellent psychometric properties, therefore it might be a useful tool to measure appearance comparisons among Spanish speaking populations.

Outcomes Assessment in Psychological Treatment: Spanish adaptation of OQ-45 (Outcome Questionnaire) / Evaluación de resultados en el tratamiento psicológico: adaptación española del OQ-45 (Outcome Questionnaire)

Abstract Introduction: The Lambert's Outcomes Questionnaire (OQ-45) is a 45-item self-administered instrument used to measure clinical outcomes in psychotherapy. It measures functioning through three areas: symptoms distress, interpersonal relations and social role. The objective of this paper is to assess the reliability and the validity of its Spanish version. Method: A sample of 639 subjects, non-clinical and clinical, completed the instrument. Results: The psychometric evidences of the questionnaire showed an adequate internal consistency (.97 and .91) and acceptable convergent validity with the BDI, STAI, PSS and SF-12. The Confirmatory Factor Analyses suggested a bifactor structure. The cut-off points have been established for the subscales and total score (54.5), considering the clinical criterion, which means, prioritizing slightly the sensibility over the specificity. The RCI was 3.80 and Minimum Change Score 17.56. Conclusion: The OQ-45 showed acceptable psychometric properties, providing support for using this version of the questionnaire to assess Spanish's functionality. Given these findings, this tool could help clinicians evaluate treatment efficacy and establish psychotherapy goals.

Resumen Introducción: El instrumento Outcome Questionnaire (OQ-45) desarrollado por Lambert, se trata de una escala auto-administrada de 45-ítems que se utiliza para medir los resultados clínicos en psicoterapia. Esta herramienta evalúa el funcionamiento por medio de tres áreas: síntomas de malestar, relaciones interpersonales y rol social. El objetivo de este artículo es evaluar la fiabilidad y la validez de la versión española. Método: Una muestra de 639 personas, clínica y no clínica, cumplimentaron dicho instrumento. Resultados: Las evidencias psicométricas del cuestionario mostraron una consistencia interna adecuada (.97 y .91) y una validez convergente aceptable con las siguientes escalas: BDI, STAI, PSS y SF-12. Los análisis factoriales confirmatorios han sugerido una estructura bifactorial. Los puntos de corte se han establecido para las subescalas y la puntuación total (54.5), teniendo en cuenta el criterio clínico, lo que significa que se ha priorizado ligeramente la sensibilidad sobre la especificidad. El RCI ha sido de 3.80 y la puntuación mínima de cambio de 17.56. Conclusión: El OQ-45 ha mostrado propiedades psicométricas aceptables, que apoyan el uso de esta versión para valorar la funcionalidad de los españoles y, como consecuencia, podría ayudar a los clínicos a evaluar la eficacia del tratamiento y establecer objetivos en psicoterapia.

[Validation of a Spanish version of the Childhood Asthma Control Test (Sc-ACT) for use in Spain]. / Validación de la versión en español de la prueba de control del asma infantil (ACT) para su uso en España.

OBJECTIVE: The Childhood Asthma Control Test (c-ACT) is a validated tool for determining pediatric asthma control. However, it is not validated in the Spanish language in Spain. We evaluated the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Childhood Asthma Control Test (Sc-ACT) for assessing asthma control in children ages 4 to11. METHODS: This national, multicentre, prospective study was conducted in Spain with asthmatic children and their caregivers. Patients were assessed at 3 visits (Baseline, 2 Weeks, and 4 Months). Clinical variables included: symptoms, exacerbations, FEV1, asthma classification, PAQLQ and PACQLQ questionnaire scores, and asthma control as perceived by physicians, patients and caregivers. The Sc-ACT feasibility, validity, reliability, and sensitivity to change were assessed. RESULTS: A total of 394 children were included; mean (SD) time to complete the Sc-ACT was 5.3 (4.4) minutes. Sc-ACT score was correlated with asthma control as perceived by physician (-0.52), patient (-0.53), and caregiver (-0.51) and with the PAQLQ (0.56) and PACQLQ (0.55) scores. Sc-ACT was found to be significantly related to intensity and frequency of asthma symptoms. Cronbach alpha coefficient α was 0.81 and intraclass correlation coefficient was ≥0.85 for all of the items. The global effect size of Sc-ACT was 0.55. The cutoff point scores of 21 or higher indicated a good asthma control and their MCID was 4 points. CONCLUSION: The Spanish version of the c-ACT was found to be a reliable and valid questionnaire for evaluating asthma control in Spanish-speaking children ages 4 to 11 in Spain.